{"id":16617,"date":"2024-10-04T16:43:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T16:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modomodostage.com\/_client\/PWS\/PWS101\/?post_type=case_study&#038;p=16617"},"modified":"2026-02-03T21:00:19","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T21:00:19","slug":"identifying-harmonics-and-conducted-emissions-in-the-age-of-solar-farms","status":"publish","type":"case_study","link":"https:\/\/modomodostage.com\/_client\/PWS\/PWS101\/case-study\/identifying-harmonics-and-conducted-emissions-in-the-age-of-solar-farms\/","title":{"rendered":"Identifying Harmonics and Conducted Emissions In the Age of Solar Farms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From solar panels to wind turbines, renewable energy is the fastest-growing energy source in the US, with a 42% increase in prevalence from 2010 to 2020.<sup>1<\/sup> As such technology evolves, it brings fresh challenges to power quality, including issues like conducted emissions (or <a href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/supraharmonics-in-the-grid-the-hidden-threat-to-power-quality\/\">supraharmonics<\/a>). Advanced power quality monitoring systems are more critical than ever to detect these problems and help maintain a resilient, reliable grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recently, Powerside experts worked with a utility on a project where a renewable energy site caused a residential customer\u2019s electrical issues. The case highlights the importance of harnessing advanced power quality (PQ) data to accurately identify and resolve power disturbances \u2014 especially as renewable energy generation sources expand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Malfunctioning Lights, GFCI and Appliance Failures:<br>An Issue of Paranormal Activity or Power Quality?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Something strange was happening in a residential customer\u2019s house: their lights began turning on and off sporadically (Figure 1). Their dishwasher would have operational issues, and their ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) tripped frequently \u2014 all, notably, on sunny days during peak solar generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\" style=\"display: flex; justify-content: center;\"><video controls style=\"max-width: 300px;\" alt=\"A ceiling fan light turning on and off due to PQ power disturbance.\" src=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/PQ-disturbance.webm\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Figure 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rather than calling paranormal investigators, they dialed up their local utility to report the issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The utility immediately recognized the disturbance as a power quality problem \u2014 one that was indicative of deeper grid disturbances. After visiting the customer site and confirming the reported power behavior, the utility consulted with power quality engineers for next steps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Role of Advanced Power System Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Without proper PQ monitoring tools, the utility might have had difficulty determining the exact cause of the problem. Fortunately, a <a href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/products\/power-quality-measurement-solutions\/pqube-3-power-analyzers\/\">PQube<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> 3 power analyzer<\/a> was already permanently installed&nbsp;in the area for IEEE 519&nbsp;harmonics&nbsp;compliance purposes. This high-end monitoring device is designed to capture a wide range of PQ data points, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Power factor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Harmonics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flicker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transients<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supraharmonics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And more<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paired with <a href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/products\/software-solutions\/qubescan-monitoring-software\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/products\/software-solutions\/qubescan-monitoring-software\/\">QubeScan monitoring software<\/a>, the utility could also easily view historical readings from the device \u2014 a critical advantage to diagnosing and solving the residential customer\u2019s power issue efficiently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Powerside and the utility generated several harmonics compliance reports via QubeScan, which confirmed their suspicions: <strong>Harmonic distortions and conducted emissions (supraharmonic distortions) were present and causing erratic power behavior.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let\u2019s take a closer look at each report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Reports: Harmonic and Supraharmonic Distortion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Harmonics Compliance Report<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Harmonics Compliance Report provided an overview of the integer harmonic distortions within the typical frequency range (up to 3 kHz). Harmonics are voltage or current distortions at multiples of the fundamental frequency (50 or 60 Hz). <a href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/4-power-quality-issues-to-measure-for-ci-plant-efficiency\/\">These distortions can reduce equipment lifespan<\/a>, cause overheating, equipment malfunction, and lead to inefficiencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Harmonics compliance violations were observed at odd harmonics H33, H39 and H45, as seen in Figure 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image.png\" alt=\"Harmonic and Supraharmonic Distortion Report\" class=\"wp-image-16500 lazyload\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image.png\" alt=\"Harmonic and Supraharmonic Distortion Report\" class=\"wp-image-16500\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Figure 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Supraharmonics Report: 3.4 kHz<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/supraharmonics-in-the-grid-the-hidden-threat-to-power-quality\/\">Supraharmonics<\/a> refers to conducted emissions at frequencies higher than traditional harmonics but below radio frequencies (ranging from 2 kHz to 150 kHz). In the supraharmonics report, a strong, steady state of supraharmonics at 3.4 kHz was observed during the morning hours, as seen in Figure 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-1.png\" alt=\"Harmonics Compliance Report\" class=\"wp-image-16501 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-1.png\" alt=\"Harmonics Compliance Report\" class=\"wp-image-16501\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Figure 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Supraharmonics Report: 10 kHz to 12 kHz<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The supraharmonics report also confirmed a steady state of conducted emissions at 10 kHz and 12 kHz as shown in Figure 4. These distortions can stem from switching devices like inverters, which operate at high frequencies when converting DC to AC in renewable energy systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-2.png\" alt=\"Supraharmonics Report: 3.4 kHz\" class=\"wp-image-16502 lazyload\" style=\"width:841px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-2.png\" alt=\"Supraharmonics Report: 3.4 kHz\" class=\"wp-image-16502\" style=\"width:841px;height:auto\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px; text-align: center; font-style: italic;\">Figure 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This frequency is well outside what traditional power meters would typically monitor and is one of the unique benefits of a high-end analyzer like PQube 3 in diagnosing the issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By analyzing data from QubeScan\u2019s Harmonics Compliance Report and Supraharmonics Reports, the utility identified that supraharmonic disturbances were strongest between 7:00 a.m. and 11:30 a.m., coinciding with solar generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Identifying the Source: Solar Site Inverters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The timing of the disturbances led the utility to a nearby 20MW solar farm. To prove the solar inverters were behind the strange power quality issues, the utility isolated the solar site for one week. During this time, the harmonic distortions ceased entirely \u2014 confirming the utility\u2019s suspicions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Inverters are integral to converting the DC voltage generated by solar panels into AC voltage usable by the grid. If the inverter\u2019s switching frequencies are not properly tuned, they can introduce harmonic distortions into the system.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After identifying the problem, the utility worked with the inverter manufacturer to address the issue. A firmware update was implemented to pulse shift the switching frequencies of the inverters, and no further issues were observed or reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Growing Need for Advanced Power Quality Monitoring<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This case highlights a broader trend: As renewable energy, electric vehicles and other new technologies grow in popularity, <a href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/webinar-recap-power-quality-effects-of-ev-charging-at-the-grid-edge\/\">they can place new unanticipated strains on electrical grids<\/a>. These technologies are often accompanied by power quality issues that are not easily detected with traditional monitoring equipment. Such PQ issues can often go unnoticed until they result in failures, equipment damage or customer downtime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supraharmonics, in particular, can be elusive for lower-end meters, leaving utilities without the data they need to diagnose and fix these complex issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where tools like the <a href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/products\/power-quality-measurement-solutions\/pqube-3-power-analyzers\/\">PQube 3 power quality analyzer<\/a> stand out. Unlike many other devices, the PQube 3 is capable of monitoring a wide range of distortions, including supraharmonic frequencies that are beyond the reach of typical power quality monitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:12px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-63375db1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/products\/power-quality-measurement-solutions\/\">Discover Monitoring Solutions<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this case, the capability of <a href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/products\/software-solutions\/qubescan-monitoring-software\/\">QubeScan<\/a> power monitoring software allowed the utility to capture detailed data and produce comprehensive reports \u2014 including heat maps and supraharmonic trends. This was instrumental in solving the customer\u2019s problem quickly and efficiently. Additionally, the platform may be interrogated remotely, and data shared securely and easily among specialists, speeding up accurate diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the future of the grid continues to evolve, so must our methods for monitoring power quality. Contact Powerside today for expertise in detecting and identifying the power quality issues impacting your operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:12px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-63375db1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/powerside.com\/contact-us\/\">Contact Powerside<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:12px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px;\">[1] Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, \u201cRenewable energy at-a-glance.\u201d August 24, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":16618,"template":"","categories":[129,115,119,131,120,137,130,121,152],"class_list":["post-16617","case_study","type-case_study","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-power-analyzer-monitoring-software","category-power-issues","category-power-quality-analysis-improvement","category-power-sensors","category-power-trends","category-pq-edge-power-monitor","category-pqube-3-power-analyzers","category-products-software","category-renewables"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modomodostage.com\/_client\/PWS\/PWS101\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_study\/16617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modomodostage.com\/_client\/PWS\/PWS101\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/case_study"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modomodostage.com\/_client\/PWS\/PWS101\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/case_study"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modomodostage.com\/_client\/PWS\/PWS101\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modomodostage.com\/_client\/PWS\/PWS101\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modomodostage.com\/_client\/PWS\/PWS101\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}